Analysis tools

Groups your matches into clusters of people who share DNA with each other, not just with you. Each cluster usually represents one ancestral line (a grandparent branch, for example).

When to use it: After One-to-Many, when you have more matches than you can track and need to split them into paternal and maternal sides.

Reading the result:

• A tidy result is 4–8 clusters, roughly matching your grandparents.
• Clusters that share members can indicate related lines or endogamy.

Builds and scores possible family trees from your matches alone — no existing tree required. It tries every way the matches could sit around you (as parents, siblings, cousins, and so on) and ranks the arrangements by how well the observed cM totals fit.

When to use it: When you have several matches whose relationship to each other is unclear, or you are working without a documented tree (adoptees, unknown parentage).

Reading the result:

• The highest-scoring tree is the most consistent with the DNA.
• Same-person duplicate kits are merged automatically and noted.

Reads the Y-chromosome SNPs in a male kit and walks them down a haplogroup tree to name your deep paternal line — the same line your surname usually follows.

When to use it: To test whether two males share a paternal ancestor, or to place your paternal line in a haplogroup.

Reading the result:

• A letter-and-number code such as R-U106 or J2a2b1 — the deeper the branch, the more specific.
• A "Roma founder line?" flag appears when the kit falls on a haplogroup associated with Roma ancestry (for example the H branch).

Haplogroup tree data: 23andMe yhaplo / ISOGG 2016.

Reads the mitochondrial-DNA positions present in your chip and walks PhyloTree Build 17 to name your maternal-line haplogroup.

When to use it: To place your direct maternal line, or to check whether two people share a maternal ancestor.

Reading the result:

• A haplogroup such as H or H3af, plus the markers that resolved it.
• Flags for Roma-associated branches (M5a1, M18, M35b) are shown when present.

PhyloTree Build 17 (van Oven, 2015).

Shows how much X-chromosome DNA your kits share, with an inheritance explainer and a top-matches list.

When to use it: When a match does not show up on the autosomes as expected, or to follow a specific maternal or paternal X path.

Reading the result:

• A mother and son share a near-complete X; two full sisters share about half.
• A male has one X, inherited from his mother, so two males in a row break X transmission.

Estimates your ancestry composition from reference populations, with tabs for admixture calculators, a Romani route and community match, and G25 similarity.

When to use it: To see the South Asian, Middle Eastern and European mix that often signals Roma ancestry, and to compare against Roma reference communities.

Reading the result:

• Component bars show the modelled proportions (e.g. North Sea, North Atlantic, Italian, Iberian).
• The Romani tab contrasts a South-Asian component against host-population components — a distinctive Roma signal looks like South Asian plus Middle Eastern plus European together.

Reports the health of an uploaded kit: number of SNPs, coverage, no-call rate, heterozygosity, detected sex and chromosome coverage.

When to use it: When matches look wrong, when a kit has very few SNPs, or before trusting a surprising result.

Reading the result:

• A healthy modern chip has hundreds of thousands of SNPs with a low no-call rate.
• Very low coverage or a strange heterozygosity value can explain poor matching.